资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
经典常新:苏州评弹的传承之道****** 经典常新:苏州评弹的传承之道 ——评盛小云领衔编演的长篇弹词《娜事xin说》 潘讯(江苏省文联网络文艺传播部主任,文艺评论家) 如果盘点近两年长三角评弹界的演艺盛事,不能不提到由苏州评弹领军人物盛小云领衔编演的长篇弹词《娜事xin说》。去年金秋以来,《娜事xin说》在上海、苏州、无锡等地巡演,在江南听客中引发了现象级观赏热潮。 《娜事xin说》为什么能火?原因至少有三:一是原著的魅力。《娜事xin说》的蓝本为张恨水的长篇小说《啼笑因缘》,这是民国鸳鸯蝴蝶派的经典之作,1935年即有《啼笑因缘》弹词改编本演出,80余年来经过几代评书艺人的努力,《啼笑因缘》得以跻身评弹经典书目行列。二是盛小云的号召力。盛小云是当代评弹最为优秀的艺术家,嗓音清丽婉转,表演细腻传神,说唱《啼笑因缘》三十载,已经形成了自己的表演风格。盛小云的演出团队也是一时之选,高博文、吴新伯、施斌、吴伟东等,都是具有深厚功底和创新能力的一线演员,演出阵容可谓是苏沪两地评弹艺术家的强强联合。三是全新编演形式的吸引力。编创者从原版《啼笑因缘》中拎出樊家树与何丽娜的爱情线,重新编排出九回书,分三场演出。这种演出形式和分回设计,既非传统长篇演出形式,又不同于一般的中篇表演,三场演出既能贯通连缀又可独立成篇,近似于戏曲的“连台本戏”。这是适应剧场演出的主动调试,这种编排创新拓宽了当代评弹长篇书目的表演形式,吸引了更多层次的观众走进剧场欣赏评弹演出。 长篇进剧场的背后,是评弹人对当代长篇书目生存状态的焦虑与突围。近几十年来,评弹界主要编演力量都投入中短篇的创作中。作为苏州评弹生存方式和存在形式的长篇演出则处在持续衰落中,不仅传统书目丢失、表演书回萎缩,新编书目更乏善可陈。演员无书可说,观众无书可听,长篇书目的书场生存陷入尴尬之中。当代评弹并不缺乏好演员,缺的是好书——优秀长篇书目。出于对当代评弹发展症候的清醒认识,以及对评弹传承规律的深刻把握,盛小云带领她的编演团队前后耗时八年之久打造出这部《娜事xin说》,赋予了苏州弹词《啼笑因缘》以新的面貌。 长篇弹词《啼笑因缘》的经典性来自小说原著的恒久价值。作为通俗小说文本,《啼笑因缘》的魅力在于将言情与武侠糅合,通过曲折动人的情节讲述了一出爱情悲喜剧;在于用20世纪30年代新的时代观念来审视市民世界,来表达金钱与爱情的对峙与冲突、肉身与灵魂的合一与分离。但是小说文本并不能直接搬用到弹词表演中。作为流行于市井中的说唱艺术,弹词本在小说的基础上,经历了一个“再通俗化”的过程,评弹编演者以民间道德和市民伦理对这一出爱情悲喜剧进行了改铸。“再通俗化”的改铸,涉及情节元素的挪移、叙事节奏的调整、人物形象的重塑、美学风格的重建等多方面,这是通俗文学经典与评弹表演艺术的碰撞融汇,是评弹艺术演进与时代审美心理的交糅合流。传统不是简单保留和复说,活的传统是在现在的基础上的重新建构。今天要创作一部“剧场版”《啼笑因缘》,就是要以当下的接受视野和文化观念对这部长篇弹词进行新的改铸。 《娜事xin说》的编创团队由徐檬丹、傅菊蓉、胡磊蕾三代老、中、青评弹编剧组成,他们在文本的“重新建构”上进行了积极探索。主创人员将戏剧性冲突聚焦在了这场爱情悲喜剧中最深情、最痴迷、最纠结的何丽娜身上,增写了《北洋春》《送花会》《梦咖啡》《吉祥胡同》等原创书回,推演出很多合乎情理的故事情节和细致微妙的心理刻画。通过当代的审美理念和艺术语言,强化和丰富了《啼笑因缘》的情感章回和书中人物的心路历程。盛小云重新解读了何丽娜这个人物。原创书回巧妙地嵌入传统回目中,弥合出一条完整的樊、何“恋战”叙事线,并由此映衬出何丽娜的性格命运。盛小云塑造的何丽娜,一笑一颦款款深情,举手投足楚楚动人。但是,盛小云的表演又拿捏分寸、柔中寓刚。通过一系列啼笑皆非的情节设计、缠绵缱绻的情感倾诉,逐步向听众揭示出在何丽娜美丽痴情的外表下,还有一条更富魅力的性格潜流。何丽娜迷恋而不沉溺、深情而又自省,她在情感冲突、爱情纠葛中“认识自己,洗练自己,自觉自愿地改造自己”,成为这个人物最可爱的品格。对何丽娜性格潜流的揭示与凸显,不仅是盛小云对何丽娜的成功重读,也将弹词《啼笑因缘》的审美价值推进一步。 当然,九回书还不是盛小云版《啼笑因缘》的全貌,《娜事xin说》应是盛小云“常说常新”愿望中的一块“试验田”。从《啼笑因缘》全书来看,拎出樊、何“恋战”的单线并不完整。张恨水写《啼笑因缘》深受《红楼梦》影响,尤其表现在书中人物的安插与塑造上。曹雪芹写人,不仅将笔下人物置于繁复的关系网络之中,还在重要人物之间构成一组对照,或者赋予主要人物一个投影与幻象。前者如薛宝钗与林黛玉,后者如贾宝玉与甄宝玉、薛宝钗与袭人、林黛玉与晴雯等。这些对照和投影,或为人物性格的诠释,或为命运轨迹的注脚,或为人生悲剧的慨叹。在《啼笑因缘》中沈凤喜与何丽娜即构成一组对照的人物关系。张恨水将二人设计成形容近似、面貌酷肖,这并非一般“小说家言”的花招把戏,实则是借用《红楼梦》的笔法,使沈凤喜与何丽娜互为映象,以命运的反差与性格的映带写出一种人生观念和美学信条。沈凤喜的命运始终处于被动状态,她被虚荣、贪婪、软弱的负面性格牵引着一步步沉入深渊,但她是一个“被侮辱被损害者”。何丽娜则始终积极地把握自己的命运,由一个虚荣佚荡的富家千金转变为洗尽铅华的时代女性,虽然其间有曲折、有跌宕,但这个过程充满正能量。因此,樊、何之恋如果脱离了樊、沈之恋的缠绕与对照,也就失去了意义。 期待于来者。希望盛小云领衔的编演团队能够再接再厉、常说常新,立足今天的文化姿态对小说原著与弹词传本进行再思考、再解读、再创造,“重建”出属于我们这个时代的长篇弹词《啼笑因缘》。 《光明日报》( 2022年12月21日 16版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 开心彩票地图 |